Which term is credited to Italians in relation to calligraphy?

The term that is credited to Italians in relation to calligraphy is "Italic." This style emerged during the Renaissance in Italy and was developed as a response to the more rigid Gothic scripts that dominated the earlier medieval period. Italic calligraphy is characterized by its slanted, cursive letters, which emphasizes fluidity and elegance.

It was designed to be a more legible and visually appealing alternative for everyday writing and was often used in literature and formal documents. The introduction of the Italic style is attributed largely to calligraphers such as Nicolas Jenson and Aldus Manutius, who popularized its use in print during the late 15th century. This style has since influenced modern typography and is often associated with a sense of grace and readability.

Other terms, while they may also refer to styles of calligraphy or typesetting, do not share the same specific Italian origins as Italic. For example, Gothic refers to a script that developed in Northern Europe, Roman pertains to classic letter forms rooted in ancient Rome, and Fraktur is a style of blackletter that originated in Germany. Each of these styles has its own historical and geographical context separate from that of the Italic script.