What term describes lowercase letters with stems that go up?

The term that describes lowercase letters with stems that go up is "ascenders." In typography, ascenders refer to the parts of lowercase letters that extend above the x-height, which is the height of the letter 'x' in a given typeface. Examples of lowercase letters that feature ascenders include 'b,' 'd,' 'h,' and 'k.' These letters rise above the general body of the lowercase text, contributing to the distinctive appearance of a typeface.

Understanding ascenders is crucial in calligraphy and typography, as they affect the visual balance and readability of written content. The presence of ascenders adds an elegant variation in height among letters, creating an engaging flow in handwritten or printed text. Ascenders are a fundamental concept in both traditional and contemporary calligraphy, influencing the overall aesthetics of written works.