What does Typography refer to?

Typography refers to the design of printed and digital text and encompasses a variety of skills and techniques for arranging type in a visually appealing manner. While letterpress printing is a significant historical aspect of typography, the broader definition includes elements such as the style, arrangement, and appearance of the text in various mediums.

The art of calligraphy is more focused on the expressive, decorative writing of letters by hand and does not encompass the broader range of design principles found in typography. Similarly, manuscript writing, which pertains to written works hand-copied in specific styles, does not cover the modern implications of typography in printed or digital contexts. The design of digital fonts is an essential aspect of typography but is not the complete definition, as typography also involves layout, spacing, and overall text presentation in various formats.

In summary, while the correct answer relates closely to a key aspect of typography, it does not encompass its entire scope, which includes many components of text presentation beyond just the printing method.