What consists of tiny black dots used in calligraphy?

The use of tiny black dots in calligraphy is referred to as stipple. Stippling is a technique that involves creating various shades and textures by placing numerous small dots close together. When these dots are densely packed, they can create the illusion of darker areas, while sparseness can produce lighter effects. This technique is especially useful in adding detail and depth to illustrations or lettering in calligraphy.

In the context of calligraphy, using stippling can enhance the visual intricacy of letters and embellishments, allowing for a distinctive art style that differs from smooth strokes and consistent fills. It presents a unique way to convey tone, depth, and dimensionality, making it an effective method for artistic expression in this discipline.