In calligraphy, what is typically found at the upper and lower ends of letters?

In calligraphy, serifs are the small decorative strokes that extend from the ends of a letter's main strokes. They contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of the letterforms and provide a sense of structure and readability. Typically, you will find these embellishments at both the upper and lower ends of many letters, particularly in traditional serif typefaces and styles where calligraphic techniques are employed. Serifs help to guide the reader's eye along the text, enhancing the flow of the written word.

The other options, while relevant in different contexts of writing and typography, do not specifically fulfill the role of being found at the ends of letters like serifs do. Underscores serve more as underlining characters rather than embellishments on letters, strokes refer to the main lines forming letters but do not specify the decorative elements at the ends, and dots are typically used for punctuation or as diacritical marks, rather than as terminal features of letters. Hence, the presence of serifs at the upper and lower ends of letters is what makes this answer correct and significant in the study of calligraphy.